Introduction
This includes completed documents that introduce the website, explain how to plan a structural survey, and visual inspection of concrete structures including images of what defects look like.
Deterioration Mechanism
Chemical and biological
Acid attack Alkali aggregate reaction Biological deterioration Carbonation Chloride contamination Reinforcement corrosion External Sulphate attack Internal Sulphate attackPhysical
Aliasion / erosion Creep Freeze thaw Concrete Leaching Concrete Shrinkage Thermal Cracking Of Concrete Fire Damage In Concrete
Testing
Non Destructive Test Methods
Mechanical
Pull off test Pull out test Rebound hammerAcoustic
Acoustic emission Impact echo Pulse echo Seismic tomography transmission Surface waves Ultrasonic velocity transmission (UVT)Electrical and electromagnetic
Capacitive measure Corrosion rate Cover depth (cover meter) Electrical resistivity Ground Penetrating radar (GPR) Half-cell potentialVisual and Dimensional
Crack Index Crack MonitoringTransport properties
Air permeability Chloride ion migration test Water permeability
Destructive Test Methods
SmaplingMechanical
Compressive strength Modulus of elasticity Tensile strengthTransport properties
Carbonation depth Capillary absorption Chloride profile Non-steady state chloride migration coefficient Permeability coefficient Water porosityChemical properties
Water soluble alkali content Portlandite content Sulphate content Residual reactivity to internal alkalis Residual reactivity to internal sulphatesMicroscopic examination
Concrete petrography SEM microscopy
Repair
Selection of repair methods
Surface Preparation
Concrete cleaning Concrete removalRepair Methods
Cathodic protection Chloride extraction Concrete coating Concrete impregnation Concrete injection Concrete replacement Corrosion inhibiters External post tensioning Externally Bonded FRP Hydrophobic impregnation Realkalization Steel plate strengthening